Right to livelihood Right to livelihood is one of the facet of Right to Life as it was said that human life is not merely an animal existence, right to life cannot be granted if the person does not have the means to live it or enjoy it. As Right to life is developed through judicial pronouncements and every facet increases the scope of Article 21. Word life as explained is difficult to define but attempts have been made to define it. A person’s right to do an activity should not be so restricted that it renders the life valueless.[1] So, when a person is forced to evict, when a…

Introduction Article 21 is the heart and soul of the constitution of India. It provides for basic human rights. It is linked with the concept of natural law or natural justice. It says, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.” It is couched in negative language but as it says no person that would include all the people not only citizens, to non-citizens and even to those whose citizenship is unknown.[1] That would mean to foreigners as well.[2] It has been adapted from 5th and 14th Amendment of the US constitution. Though Article 21 has been taken from US…

The enforceability of the Directive Principles of State Policy by the courts. The laws governing India has many dimensions and interpretations. Its unique composure makes it stand out when compared to the rest of the world’s governing laws. Our country might have innumerable laws but the survival of these laws can only be sustained if they are in consonance with the constitution of India. Hence, from this we can decipher that the constitution of India is the very law of the land and the flexible interpretation of the articles according to the requirement of the country’s need makes it the supreme law. The constitution of India has XXII parts (12…

  Custom is particular pattern of behavior or actions that are established in the community. It is a mechanism for ensuring social control, a set of directions for the humans to live within that community and for the society to be alive perpetually. The concept of custom is defined and opined upon by many scholars. Custom is a word which is used to apply to the totality of behavior patterns which are carried by tradition and lodged in the group, as contrasted with mere random personal activities of the individual.[1] On the other hand Radin iterated that customs are regarded as habitual ways of conduct among social groups.[2] Carter abided…

International Conventions have been first listed under the UN Charter 1945 in Article 38 which lays down the relevant sources of International Law. They may be general or particular in nature, but are expressly recognized by the ‘contesting states.’ International Conventions may be described as agreements between countries. It may also be referred to as a ‘contract between states.’ Conventions are usually agreements between two or more states. They lay down a set of rules for these states to act upon in order to bring about a greater change in certain global aspects or even at the domestic level. Conventions are used synonymously with Treaties and Covenants[1]. The former has…